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Deepak, B.
- A Decomposition Analysis on Co2 Emission of Indian Cement Industries
Authors
1 Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, CUSAT Cochin, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, IN
Source
International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management, Vol 3, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 23-36Abstract
The CO2 emission from Indian cement industries shows a continuous rising trend due to increase in the production. Based on the specific thermal energy consumption in the Indian Cement industries they are classified as class A, Class B and Class C in three categories. For each class a complete decomposition analysis is used to evaluate the relative contribution of components such as pollution effect, energy intensity effect, structural effect and activity effect for the changes in energy induced CO2 emissions. The result shows that the pollution effect, energy intensity effect were increasing and decreasing trends respectively for class A industries for the period compare to class B and C. This is due to effective fuel conversion process to reduce the amount of fuel consumed and associated CO2 emission in the class A industries. The structural share of Class A industries has shown a decreasing trend for the entire time period due to higher rate of production compared to class B and C. However activation coefficient of all the above industries shows a positive trend for the entire period. This represents due to increase in demand of cement, CO2 emission of the Cement industries continuously increasing during the period. So the CO2 emission in Indian cement sector can be effectively controlled by concentrating on intensity effect and pollution co efficient effect.Keywords
Decomposition, Pollution Effect, Energy Intensity Effect, Structural Effect, Activity Effect
References
- Nooji, M. R. Kruk and D. P. Soest, 2003, “International Comparisons of Domestic Energy Consumption”, Energy Economics, 25, pp 259-373
- Binay Kumar Ray, 2007, “Decomposition of Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity in Indian Manufacturing Industries”, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, WP-2007-020.
- Katja Schumacher., 1999. “India’s Cement Industry: Productivity, Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions”, Environmental energy technologies, LBNL-41842.
- C.A. Hendriks, 2004. “Emission Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from the Cement Industry”,Greenhouse gas control technologies conference paper 3IEA, Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, Cheltenham, UK
- Shyamal Paul, 2004 “CO2 emission from energy use in India: a decomposition analysis”, Energy Policy 32, pp585–593.
- Sabuj Kumar Mandal., 2008. “Energy Use Efficiency in Indian Cement Industry: Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Directional Distance Function”, The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore. ISBN 81-7791-186-4.
- Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, 2009. Technical EIA guidance manual for cement industry
- Ang B.W., 1996 “Decomposition of Industrial energy consumption: The energy coefficient approach”. Energy Economics 18, 129-143.
- Sun, J.W., 1998. “Changes in energy consumption and energy intensity: a complete decomposition model” Energy economics 20,pp 85–100.
- L. G. Burange, 2008. “Performance of Indian cement industry: the competitive landscape” Department of economics university of Mumbai, ude(cas)25/(9)/3.
- Biodiesel Using Nanotechnology
Authors
1 Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 147-148Abstract
Bio-diesel is a future fuel. With petro-products becoming increasingly polluting and harmful to environment there is need for alternative sources of energy. In the current scenario exploring energy alternatives in the form of bio fuels namely ethanol and Bio-diesel assumes top priority. Bio-diesel derived from the plants like sun flower, rape seed canola or Jatropha Curcas can be used as a substitute to diesel. Current method of production of Bio-diesel is as follows.
A blend of alcohol and oil from food plants react with each other and gives Bio-diesel along glycerin. But this requires huge- sum of capital. With the advent of nanotechnology the production of Bio-diesel becomes economical and 100 times faster than traditional method. The latest technology has developed a micro reactor smaller than a thick credit card. This micro reactor contains series of parallel channels about the width of human hair. Then streams of alcohol and oil are injected into each micro channel at such a small scale the chemical reaction that converts oil into Biodiesel is almost instant. Bio-diesel produced in this method is 100 times faster than it does in the microscopic reactors used in large refineries. Thousands of micro channels stacked side-by-side to create a micro reactor in the size of a suitcase to produce one million gallons of Bio-diesel a year. This micro reactor eliminates the mixing, the standing time for separation and potentially the need for a dissolved catalyst. Biodiesel offers non-polluting option for powering net only cars and trucks but also boats, chainsaws, lawn movers and recreational vehicles such as four wheelers snowmobiles. It also promises to open lucrative new markets to farmers.
- Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) for Industrial Environment
Authors
1 Department of Electronics & Instrumentation, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, IN